Edu Journal of International Affairs and Research, ISSN: 2583-9993

Patronage in Art in Ancient India

Shikher Saroha — 2024-10-10

The term ‘Patron’ is subject to peculiar paradoxes, in Ancient Rome it denoted someone high status in society, who provided security to less powerful perhaps in exchange of services. In Medieval Europe, the term was related with various duties of Church. By 16thC the term began to be adjoined with various artistic activities.

Romila Thapar in Cultural Transaction and Early India defines patronage “as wealth given by a person of superior status to an artist to enable him/her to produce art”.Patronage is often referred to as an exchange,this can be in the form of tangible and intangible(status & legitimacy) goods. Ashok is prominent when it comes to donating , constructing various stupas , he is said to have built 84000 stupas , ashokavadana talks about it also Hsuan-tsang refers to Ashok constructing various buddhist stupas and monasteries.

Advancements and Challenges in Road Construction and Highway Development

Ibrahim Ali Abograra Nasar, Hassan Hossin Jbril Masoud — 2024-10-11

Road construction and highway development play a pivotal role in driving economic growth, connecting communities, and fostering regional development. Recent advancements in construction materials, technology, and design methodologies have significantly enhanced the efficiency, sustainability, and durability of road infrastructure. Innovations such as smart transportation systems, recycled materials, warm-mix asphalt, and nanotechnology have reduced construction costs and environmental impacts while improving performance and safety. Additionally, digital tools like Building Information Modeling (BIM) and machine learning are optimizing planning, construction, and maintenance processes.Despite these advancements, the sector faces numerous challenges, including rising material costs, aging infrastructure, environmental concerns, and the need for resilient designs to combat climate change. Traffic congestion, land acquisition issues, and regulatory complexities further complicate project execution. This paper explores the state-of-the-art technologies transforming the field and addresses the pressing challenges hindering progress. By examining case studies and emerging trends, it provides actionable insights into creating sustainable and resilient road networks that align with future mobility demands.

भारतीय राजनीति में क्षेत्रीय दलों की भूमिका

डाॅ. राम गोपाल डिडेल, सुनिता — 2024-10-12

भारत में न केवल राष्ट्रीय स्तर की पार्टीयां है। बल्कि क्षेत्रीय दल भी है। क्षेत्रीय पार्टी का तात्पर्य उस पार्टी से है जिसका क्षेत्र संचालन सीमित है और इसलिए उनकी गतिविधियां केवल कुछ राज्यों तक ही सीमित है। दूसरी ओर राष्ट्रीय पार्टी एक राजनीतिक पार्टी को संदर्भित करती है जो एक पंजीकृत पार्टी है जो देश के चार से अधिक राज्यों में काम करती हैऔर उनके संचालन का क्षेत्र पूरे देश में फैला हुआ है।