Eco-Physiological Responses of Plants to Climate Variability: A Global Perspective

Abstract

The increasing frequency and intensity of climate variability pose significant challenges to global ecosystems, with profound implications for plant species across diverse habitats. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge on the eco-physiological responses of plants to climate variability at a global scale. By examining a wide range of ecosystems, from arid deserts to humid rainforests, this study aims to provide a holistic understanding of how plants adapt and respond to changing climatic conditions. The review encompasses various facets of plant eco-physiology, including but not limited to photosynthesis, water-use efficiency, phenology, and stress responses. Special emphasis is placed on the intricate interplay between climate variables such as temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and their impact on plant growth and survival. Additionally, the role of plant functional traits in influencing adaptive strategies is explored, shedding light on the importance of biodiversity in maintaining ecosystem resilience. Case studies from different continents and climatic zones offer insights into region-specific responses, highlighting the nuanced ways in which plants interact with their environment. The influence of climate extremes, such as droughts, heatwaves, and floods, on plant physiological processes is scrutinized, providing a nuanced perspective on the challenges posed by extreme events in a changing climate.