Multiple Entry and Exit System Under NEP 2020: An Analytical Review of Policy Framework, Expected Benefits and Implementation Challenges

Abstract

The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) recommends a Multiple Entry and Exit System (MEES) in Indian higher education to replace the long criticised “all or nothing” degree pathway. MEES, buttressed by the Academic Bank of Credits (ABC), allows learners collect, bank, and later redeem credits toward a certificate (after Year 1), diploma (Year 2), bachelor’s degree (Year 3) or bachelor’s degree with research (Year 4). This paper synthesises policy documents, regulatory guidelines and recent empirical literature to examine the expected benefits and implementation challenges of MEES. Though, MEES promises to democratise access, curb dropout rates and promote lifelong learning, it also demands a drastic redesign of curricula, robust student support ecosystems, and a carefully regulated credit transfer and fee framework. Pragmatic solutions—such as scaffolded employability skills in early exit credentials, digital credit ledgers, and capacity building for faculty advisors—are proposed to maximise the reform’s impact.